{"title":"Ajanlar için Hata Kurtarma","slug":"error-recovery","category":"llm-cookbook","summary":"LLM ajanları hataları nasıl ele almalı ve kurtarmalı — yeniden dene, sakla, öğren.","audience":["llm"],"tags":["cookbook","errors","recovery","resilience"],"difficulty":"intermediate","updated":"2026-06-27","word_count":227,"read_minutes":1,"lang":"tr","translated":true,"requested_lang":"tr","content_markdown":"\n# Ajanlar için Hata Kurtarma\n\nHatalar olur. Ağlar başarısız olur, API'ler 500 döndürür, Mind Key'ler sona erer. Bu rehber, LLM ajanlarının hataları zarif bir şekilde nasıl ele alacağını ve onlardan nasıl öğreneceğini gösterir.\n\n## Hata İşleme İlkeleri\n\n1. **Geri çekilme ile yeniden dene** — geçici hatalar genellikle çözülür\n2. **Hatayı sakla** — desenlerden öğren\n3. **Zarif degrade** — tüm oturumu çökertme\n4. **İnsanı bilgilendir** — çözemediğiniz hatalar için\n\n## HTTP Hata İşleme\n\n### Üstel geri çekilme ile yeniden deneme\n\n```python\nimport time\nimport requests\n\ndef call_with_retry(url, max_retries=3, backoff_base=2):\n    \"\"\"Call URL with exponential backoff.\"\"\"\n    for attempt in range(max_retries):\n        try:\n            r = requests.get(url, headers={\"Authorization\": f\"Bearer {KEY}\"})\n            \n            # Success\n            if r.status_code < 400:\n                return r\n            \n            # Rate limited — wait and retry\n            if r.status_code == 429:\n                wait = int(r.headers.get(\"Retry-After\", 60))\n                print(f\"Rate limited. Waiting {wait}s...\")\n                time.sleep(wait)\n                continue\n            \n            # Server error — retry with backoff\n            if r.status_code >= 500:\n                wait = backoff_base ** attempt\n                print(f\"Server error {r.status_code}. Retrying in {wait}s...\")\n                time.sleep(wait)\n                continue\n            \n            # Client error — don't retry\n            if 400 <= r.status_code < 500:\n                raise ClientError(f\"{r.status_code}: {r.text}\")\n        \n        except requests.RequestException as e:\n            # Network error — retry\n            wait = backoff_base ** attempt\n            print(f\"Network error: {e}. Retrying in {wait}s...\")\n            time.sleep(wait)\n    \n    raise MaxRetriesError(f\"Failed after {max_retries} retries\")\n```\n\n### Kimlik doğrulama hata yönetimi\n\n```python\ndef safe_call(url):\n    \"\"\"Call with auth error handling.\"\"\"\n    try:\n        return call_with_retry(url)\n    except ClientError as e:\n        if \"401\" in str(e):\n            # Mind Key invalid — critical, can't recover\n            store_error(\"auth_invalid\", str(e), \"Check Mind Key\")\n            notify_human(\"My Mind Key is invalid. Please update.\")\n            raise AuthError(\"Cannot continue without valid Mind Key\")\n        elif \"403\" in str(e):\n            store_error(\"forbidden\", str(e), \"Wrong token type?\")\n            raise ForbiddenError(str(e))\n        elif \"404\" in str(e):\n            # Path doesn't exist — don't retry\n            store_error(\"not_found\", str(e), \"Check endpoint path\")\n            raise NotFoundError(str(e))\n        else:\n            raise\n```\n\n## Hataları Bellek Olarak Saklama\n\nHatalar oluştuğunda, gelecek oturumların öğrenebilmesi için saklayın:\n\n```python\ndef store_error(error_type, error_message, recovery_hint=\"\"):\n    \"\"\"Store an error as a memory for future reference.\"\"\"\n    requests.post(f\"{URL}/memory\",\n        headers={\"Authorization\": f\"Bearer {KEY}\",\n                 \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\"},\n        json={\n            \"category\": \"mistake\",\n            \"key\": f\"error_{error_type}_{int(time.time())}\",\n            \"content\": f\"Error: {error_type}\\nMessage: {error_message}\\nRecovery: {recovery_hint}\",\n            \"tags\": [\"error\", error_type],\n            \"priority\": \"high\"\n        })\n\n# Example\ntry:\n    deploy()\nexcept DeployError as e:\n    store_error(\"deploy_failed\", str(e), \n                \"Check CI logs, verify Docker image exists\")\n    raise\n```\n\n## Yaygın Hata Senaryoları\n\n### Senaryo 1: Mind Key Geçersiz\n\n```python\n# Detection: 401 on every call\n# Recovery: Cannot recover — need human intervention\n\ndef handle_invalid_mind_key():\n    store_error(\"mind_key_invalid\", \n                \"All API calls returning 401\",\n                \"Mind Key may be revoked. Need new key.\")\n    \n    # Notify human via chat (if possible)\n    try:\n        reply(\"⚠️ My Mind Key is invalid. I cannot access memories. \"\n              \"Please check and update SYNAPSE_MIND_KEY.\")\n    except:\n        pass  # Chat may also fail with bad key\n    \n    # Exit gracefully\n    raise CriticalError(\"Cannot continue without valid Mind Key\")\n```\n\n### Senaryo 2: Ağ Hatası\n\n```python\n# Detection: ConnectionError, Timeout\n# Recovery: Retry with backoff, then degrade\n\ndef handle_network_error(url, retry=3):\n    for attempt in range(retry):\n        try:\n            return requests.get(url, timeout=10)\n        except (requests.ConnectionError, requests.Timeout) as e:\n            wait = 2 ** attempt\n            print(f\"Network error, retrying in {wait}s: {e}\")\n            time.sleep(wait)\n    \n    # All retries failed — degrade\n    store_error(\"network_failure\", \n                f\"Cannot reach {url}\",\n                \"Check internet connection, Synapse may be down\")\n    \n    # Work offline if possible\n    return work_offline()\n```\n\n### Senaryo 3: Hız Sınırına Ulaşıldı\n\n```python\n# Detection: 429 with Retry-After header\n# Recovery: Wait and retry, or switch to header auth\n\ndef handle_rate_limit(response):\n    retry_after = int(response.headers.get(\"Retry-After\", 60))\n    print(f\"Rate limited. Waiting {retry_after}s...\")\n    time.sleep(retry_after)\n    \n    # If this keeps happening, suggest switching to header auth\n    if has_query_param_auth(url):\n        store_error(\"rate_limited\", \n                    \"Frequent 429s with ?key= auth\",\n                    \"Switch to Authorization: Bearer header (no rate limit)\")\n```\n\n### Senaryo 4: Sunucu Hatası (5xx)\n\n```python\n# Detection: 500, 502, 503\n# Recovery: Retry with backoff, check /health\n\ndef handle_server_error(url):\n    # Check if server is up\n    health = requests.get(f\"{URL}/health\")\n    if health.status_code != 200:\n        store_error(\"server_down\", \n                    \"Synapse health check failing\",\n                    \"Wait for server recovery\")\n        raise ServerDownError()\n    \n    # Retry with backoff\n    return call_with_retry(url, max_retries=5)\n```\n\n### Senaryo 5: Araç Çağrısı Başarısız\n\n```python\n# Detection: Tool returns error content\n# Recovery: Try alternative approach, store failure\n\ndef call_tool_safely(tool_name, args, alternatives=None):\n    try:\n        result = call_tool(tool_name, args)\n        if result.get(\"isError\"):\n            raise ToolError(result[\"content\"])\n        return result\n    except ToolError as e:\n        store_error(f\"tool_{tool_name}_failed\",\n                    f\"Args: {args}\\nError: {e}\",\n                    f\"Try: {alternatives or 'no alternatives'}\")\n        \n        # Try alternatives\n        if alternatives:\n            for alt in alternatives:\n                try:\n                    return call_tool(alt, args)\n                except:\n                    continue\n        \n        raise\n```\n\n## Desen: Devre Kesici\n\nYinelenen başarısızlıklar için, geçici olarak denemeyi bırakın:\n\n```python\nclass CircuitBreaker:\n    def __init__(self, threshold=5, reset_time=300):\n        self.failures = 0\n        self.threshold = threshold\n        self.reset_time = reset_time\n        self.last_failure = 0\n    \n    def call(self, fn, *args, **kwargs):\n        if self.failures >= self.threshold:\n            if time.time() - self.last_failure < self.reset_time:\n                raise CircuitOpenError(\"Circuit breaker open\")\n            else:\n                # Reset\n                self.failures = 0\n        \n        try:\n            result = fn(*args, **kwargs)\n            self.failures = 0  # Reset on success\n            return result\n        except:\n            self.failures += 1\n            self.last_failure = time.time()\n            raise\n\n# Usage\nbreaker = CircuitBreaker(threshold=5)\ntry:\n    result = breaker.call(api_call, url)\nexcept CircuitOpenError:\n    print(\"Too many failures, waiting before retry\")\n```\n\n## En İyi Uygulamalar\n\n> [!TIP]\n> - **Geçici hataları her zaman yeniden deneyin** — ağlar başarısız olur, sunucular hıçkırır\n> - **İstemci hatalarını (4xx) yeniden denemeyin** — kendilerini düzeltmezler\n> - **Hataları bellek olarak saklayın** — desenlerden öğrenin\n> - **Kritik hatalar için insanları bilgilendirin** — bilmeleri gerekir\n> - **Zarif degrade** — kısmi iş çökmeden iyidir\n> - **Devre kesiciler kullanın** — başarısız olan bir hizmeti dövme\n\n## Sonraki Adımlar\n\n- [Errors API Referansı](/docs/api/errors)\n- [Oturum Başlangıç Deseni](/docs/llm-cookbook/session-start-pattern)\n- [Kendinden İyileşen Testler](/docs/guides/self-healing-tests)\n","content_html":"<h1>Ajanlar için Hata Kurtarma</h1>\n<p>Hatalar olur. Ağlar başarısız olur, API&#39;ler 500 döndürür, Mind Key&#39;ler sona erer. Bu rehber, LLM ajanlarının hataları zarif bir şekilde nasıl ele alacağını ve onlardan nasıl öğreneceğini gösterir.</p>\n<h2>Hata İşleme İlkeleri</h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Geri çekilme ile yeniden dene</strong> — geçici hatalar genellikle çözülür</li>\n<li><strong>Hatayı sakla</strong> — desenlerden öğren</li>\n<li><strong>Zarif degrade</strong> — tüm oturumu çökertme</li>\n<li><strong>İnsanı bilgilendir</strong> — çözemediğiniz hatalar için</li>\n</ol>\n<h2>HTTP Hata İşleme</h2>\n<h3>Üstel geri çekilme ile yeniden deneme</h3>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import</span> time\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import</span> requests\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">call_with_retry</span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">url, max_retries=<span class=\"hljs-number\">3</span>, backoff_base=<span class=\"hljs-number\">2</span></span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;&quot;&quot;Call URL with exponential backoff.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for</span> attempt <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range</span>(max_retries):\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try</span>:\n            r = requests.get(url, headers={<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Authorization&quot;</span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Bearer <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{KEY}</span>&quot;</span>})\n            \n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Success</span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> r.status_code &lt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">400</span>:\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return</span> r\n            \n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Rate limited — wait and retry</span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> r.status_code == <span class=\"hljs-number\">429</span>:\n                wait = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">int</span>(r.headers.get(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Retry-After&quot;</span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">60</span>))\n                <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print</span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Rate limited. Waiting <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{wait}</span>s...&quot;</span>)\n                time.sleep(wait)\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">continue</span>\n            \n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Server error — retry with backoff</span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> r.status_code &gt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">500</span>:\n                wait = backoff_base ** attempt\n                <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print</span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Server error <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{r.status_code}</span>. Retrying in <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{wait}</span>s...&quot;</span>)\n                time.sleep(wait)\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">continue</span>\n            \n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Client error — don&#x27;t retry</span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">400</span> &lt;= r.status_code &lt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">500</span>:\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span> ClientError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{r.status_code}</span>: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{r.text}</span>&quot;</span>)\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except</span> requests.RequestException <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as</span> e:\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Network error — retry</span>\n            wait = backoff_base ** attempt\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print</span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Network error: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{e}</span>. Retrying in <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{wait}</span>s...&quot;</span>)\n            time.sleep(wait)\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span> MaxRetriesError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Failed after <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{max_retries}</span> retries&quot;</span>)</code></pre><h3>Kimlik doğrulama hata yönetimi</h3>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">safe_call</span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">url</span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;&quot;&quot;Call with auth error handling.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try</span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return</span> call_with_retry(url)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except</span> ClientError <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as</span> e:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;401&quot;</span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str</span>(e):\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Mind Key invalid — critical, can&#x27;t recover</span>\n            store_error(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;auth_invalid&quot;</span>, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str</span>(e), <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Check Mind Key&quot;</span>)\n            notify_human(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;My Mind Key is invalid. Please update.&quot;</span>)\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span> AuthError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Cannot continue without valid Mind Key&quot;</span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif</span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;403&quot;</span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str</span>(e):\n            store_error(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;forbidden&quot;</span>, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str</span>(e), <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Wrong token type?&quot;</span>)\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span> ForbiddenError(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str</span>(e))\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">elif</span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;404&quot;</span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str</span>(e):\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Path doesn&#x27;t exist — don&#x27;t retry</span>\n            store_error(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;not_found&quot;</span>, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str</span>(e), <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Check endpoint path&quot;</span>)\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span> NotFoundError(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str</span>(e))\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else</span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span></code></pre><h2>Hataları Bellek Olarak Saklama</h2>\n<p>Hatalar oluştuğunda, gelecek oturumların öğrenebilmesi için saklayın:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">store_error</span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">error_type, error_message, recovery_hint=<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;&quot;</span></span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;&quot;&quot;Store an error as a memory for future reference.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>\n    requests.post(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{URL}</span>/memory&quot;</span>,\n        headers={<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Authorization&quot;</span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Bearer <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{KEY}</span>&quot;</span>,\n                 <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;application/json&quot;</span>},\n        json={\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;category&quot;</span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;mistake&quot;</span>,\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;key&quot;</span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;error_<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{error_type}</span>_<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">int</span>(time.time())}</span>&quot;</span>,\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;content&quot;</span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Error: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{error_type}</span>\\nMessage: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{error_message}</span>\\nRecovery: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{recovery_hint}</span>&quot;</span>,\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;tags&quot;</span>: [<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;error&quot;</span>, error_type],\n            <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;priority&quot;</span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;high&quot;</span>\n        })\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Example</span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try</span>:\n    deploy()\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except</span> DeployError <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as</span> e:\n    store_error(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;deploy_failed&quot;</span>, <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">str</span>(e), \n                <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Check CI logs, verify Docker image exists&quot;</span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span></code></pre><h2>Yaygın Hata Senaryoları</h2>\n<h3>Senaryo 1: Mind Key Geçersiz</h3>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Detection: 401 on every call</span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Recovery: Cannot recover — need human intervention</span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">handle_invalid_mind_key</span>():\n    store_error(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;mind_key_invalid&quot;</span>, \n                <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;All API calls returning 401&quot;</span>,\n                <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Mind Key may be revoked. Need new key.&quot;</span>)\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Notify human via chat (if possible)</span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try</span>:\n        reply(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;⚠️ My Mind Key is invalid. I cannot access memories. &quot;</span>\n              <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Please check and update SYNAPSE_MIND_KEY.&quot;</span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except</span>:\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pass</span>  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Chat may also fail with bad key</span>\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Exit gracefully</span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span> CriticalError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Cannot continue without valid Mind Key&quot;</span>)</code></pre><h3>Senaryo 2: Ağ Hatası</h3>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Detection: ConnectionError, Timeout</span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Recovery: Retry with backoff, then degrade</span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">handle_network_error</span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">url, retry=<span class=\"hljs-number\">3</span></span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for</span> attempt <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">range</span>(retry):\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try</span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return</span> requests.get(url, timeout=<span class=\"hljs-number\">10</span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except</span> (requests.ConnectionError, requests.Timeout) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as</span> e:\n            wait = <span class=\"hljs-number\">2</span> ** attempt\n            <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print</span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Network error, retrying in <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{wait}</span>s: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{e}</span>&quot;</span>)\n            time.sleep(wait)\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># All retries failed — degrade</span>\n    store_error(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;network_failure&quot;</span>, \n                <span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Cannot reach <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{url}</span>&quot;</span>,\n                <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Check internet connection, Synapse may be down&quot;</span>)\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Work offline if possible</span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return</span> work_offline()</code></pre><h3>Senaryo 3: Hız Sınırına Ulaşıldı</h3>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Detection: 429 with Retry-After header</span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Recovery: Wait and retry, or switch to header auth</span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">handle_rate_limit</span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">response</span>):\n    retry_after = <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">int</span>(response.headers.get(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Retry-After&quot;</span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">60</span>))\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print</span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Rate limited. Waiting <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{retry_after}</span>s...&quot;</span>)\n    time.sleep(retry_after)\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># If this keeps happening, suggest switching to header auth</span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> has_query_param_auth(url):\n        store_error(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;rate_limited&quot;</span>, \n                    <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Frequent 429s with ?key= auth&quot;</span>,\n                    <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Switch to Authorization: Bearer header (no rate limit)&quot;</span>)</code></pre><h3>Senaryo 4: Sunucu Hatası (5xx)</h3>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Detection: 500, 502, 503</span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Recovery: Retry with backoff, check /health</span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">handle_server_error</span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">url</span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Check if server is up</span>\n    health = requests.get(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{URL}</span>/health&quot;</span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> health.status_code != <span class=\"hljs-number\">200</span>:\n        store_error(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;server_down&quot;</span>, \n                    <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Synapse health check failing&quot;</span>,\n                    <span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Wait for server recovery&quot;</span>)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span> ServerDownError()\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Retry with backoff</span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return</span> call_with_retry(url, max_retries=<span class=\"hljs-number\">5</span>)</code></pre><h3>Senaryo 5: Araç Çağrısı Başarısız</h3>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Detection: Tool returns error content</span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Recovery: Try alternative approach, store failure</span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">call_tool_safely</span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">tool_name, args, alternatives=<span class=\"hljs-literal\">None</span></span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try</span>:\n        result = call_tool(tool_name, args)\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> result.get(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;isError&quot;</span>):\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span> ToolError(result[<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;content&quot;</span>])\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return</span> result\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except</span> ToolError <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as</span> e:\n        store_error(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;tool_<span class=\"hljs-subst\">{tool_name}</span>_failed&quot;</span>,\n                    <span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Args: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{args}</span>\\nError: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{e}</span>&quot;</span>,\n                    <span class=\"hljs-string\">f&quot;Try: <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{alternatives <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">or</span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">&#x27;no alternatives&#x27;</span>}</span>&quot;</span>)\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Try alternatives</span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> alternatives:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for</span> alt <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in</span> alternatives:\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try</span>:\n                    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return</span> call_tool(alt, args)\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except</span>:\n                    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">continue</span>\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span></code></pre><h2>Desen: Devre Kesici</h2>\n<p>Yinelenen başarısızlıklar için, geçici olarak denemeyi bırakın:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"hljs-title class_\">CircuitBreaker</span>:\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">__init__</span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, threshold=<span class=\"hljs-number\">5</span>, reset_time=<span class=\"hljs-number\">300</span></span>):\n        <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.failures = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0</span>\n        <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.threshold = threshold\n        <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.reset_time = reset_time\n        <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.last_failure = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0</span>\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">call</span>(<span class=\"hljs-params\">self, fn, *args, **kwargs</span>):\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.failures &gt;= <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.threshold:\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if</span> time.time() - <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.last_failure &lt; <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.reset_time:\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span> CircuitOpenError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Circuit breaker open&quot;</span>)\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else</span>:\n                <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Reset</span>\n                <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.failures = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0</span>\n        \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try</span>:\n            result = fn(*args, **kwargs)\n            <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.failures = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0</span>  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Reset on success</span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return</span> result\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except</span>:\n            <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.failures += <span class=\"hljs-number\">1</span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-variable language_\">self</span>.last_failure = time.time()\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">raise</span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Usage</span>\nbreaker = CircuitBreaker(threshold=<span class=\"hljs-number\">5</span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try</span>:\n    result = breaker.call(api_call, url)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except</span> CircuitOpenError:\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">print</span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">&quot;Too many failures, waiting before retry&quot;</span>)</code></pre><h2>En İyi Uygulamalar</h2>\n<div class=\"callout callout-ok\"></div><h2>Sonraki Adımlar</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/docs/api/errors\">Errors API Referansı</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/docs/llm-cookbook/session-start-pattern\">Oturum Başlangıç Deseni</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/docs/guides/self-healing-tests\">Kendinden İyileşen Testler</a></li>\n</ul>\n","urls":{"html":"/docs/llm-cookbook/error-recovery","text":"/docs/llm-cookbook/error-recovery?format=text","json":"/docs/llm-cookbook/error-recovery?format=json","llm":"/docs/llm-cookbook/error-recovery?format=llm"},"translations_available":["en","zh","hi","es","fr","ar","pt","ru","ja","de","it","ko","nl","pl","tr","sv","vi","th","id","uk"]}